Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social Factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological Factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural Factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family Factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal Factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media Factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual Factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

Explaining the cause of tendency to marital infidelity, especially among people with religious backgrounds, merely focusing on elements such as emotional-sexual dissatisfaction or marital conflict, is a sort of superficial. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomena in men's marital infidelity. The method of the current study is based on the interpretive-phenomenological method. The researcher selected and interviewed 18 married men who had committed infidelity in Shahindaj city, West-Azerbaijan, Iran to participate in the study using purposive sampling. Interviews were analyzed using the interpretive-phenomenological analysis method of Dickelman & et al. The analysis of these people led to the identification of six sub-themes (escape from contemplation & pause, escape from destiny, struggle with existential loneliness, hollow and desireoriented love, value transformation and escape from existential emptiness) and a major theme (of existential alienation). Revealing these factors not only increases information and awareness about the how cues of marital infidelity is formed and intensified from an existential point of view, but also showed that increasing one's awareness toward one's nature and leads to reducing alienation from its dimensions; these issues are things that can reduce a one's desire to the experience of marital infidelity.

Background and Objective: The issue of marital infidelity in Iranian society is a growing concern which is accompanied to unsustainable relationships and high divorce rates. The present study aimed to study the psychometric properties of the Persian version of marital infidelity questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-psychometric research in which 400 university students of AzarbaiijanShahidMadani University were selected by stratified random sampling method and were studied. The data were analyzed using a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (analysis of main components with varimax rotation), multivariate analysis of variance. Results: analysis of factors were performed using the internal consistency method as well as re-test for the reliability of the present questionnaire. For validity, a confirmatory factor analysis was used, results suggested consistent and accurate relationship between the components of this questionnaire. The internal consistency of questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha for the components including legitimacy, seduction, normalization, sexual orientation, social context, and excitement were 0. 79, 0. 75, 0. 54, 0. 79, 0. 71, 0. 79 respectively and for the whole questionnaire was0. 91. The reliability was calculated obtained by two-half method for all scales as 0. 81(r=0. 81) Conclusion: In sum, the results of the research confirmed validity of the Persian form of the Marital Infidelity Questionnaire, which indicates that Marital Infidelity Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument as well as it can be used in clinical and research setting. Therefore, the current questionnaire has an appropriate reliability and validity for using by researchers and specialists.

Marital infidelity can cause many injuries to people and cause them to lose their marital relationships. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of marital infidelity injuries. The research was a qualitative one and systematic review and exploratory interviews were used to extract the types of marital infidelity injuries. In the systematic review section, 31 articles out of a total of 65 articles were searched and selected during the process. Also, for exploratory interview, 20 couples involved in marital infidelity were selected by purposeful method and interviewed. The opinions of 14 family professionals were also examined to assess the validity of the list of marital infidelity injuries. The results showed that marital infidelity was harmful in all aspects of individual (physical and psychological), family, social and spiritual. In the individual dimension, sleep disturbance, eating disorder, anxiety, depression, loss of trust, in the family dimension, emotional relationships decline, stress in the family, loss of family intimacy, disturbance of parental duties, loss of social dimension Honor, job problems, and financial problems, and in the spiritual dimension, tormented conscience and guilt as the most important traumas of marital infidelity. Based on the results, it can be said that marital infidelity is not an individual problem but a comprehensive injury and requires comprehensive interventions to prevent and treat it.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of marital infidelity in women. Methods: The method of this research was qualitative. Seventeen women who had experienced marital infidelity and were willing to cooperate with the researchers were selected through targeted sampling. They were studied deeply, using semi-structured interviews. The study used grounded theory approach to explain and analyze the findings. Finding: Three major categories were found about the causes of female marital infidelity. The causes of marital infidelity included boredom that followed knowing one another, the inherent weaknesses of marriage, the vulnerability when sexual or emotional need is blocked, society transformation, whilethe factors that kept the infidelityincluded the desire to experience excitement, the waiver of responsibility from self and emphasis on spouse's characteristics, creativity in buying time for the relationship and hiding it, gaining courage for discovering new features in self, and response to infidelity including desire for divorce, restoration of marital nest, and enduring stress. Conclusion: To prevent marital infidelity, family education and enrichment of premarital relationships, these categories should be considered.

Marital infidelity can have adverse effects on couples’ lives. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of harm caused by marital infidelity. The research is descriptive-correlational. The subjects were 100 men and women who had committed marital infidelity and 100 men and women who had not. The subjects ans-wered a questionnaire about the types of harms caused by marital infidelity, which were classified into 4 dimensions of per sonal, family, social and spiritual harms. Statistical analysis was performed using independent group t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software. Findings showed that personal injury (physical and psychological), family injury, social injury and spiritual injury have the highest rates in unfaithful couples, respectively. Also, the study of the extent of injuries caused by marital infidelity in different dimensions showed that: in the physical dimension of sleep disorders, in the psychological dimension of impatience, in the family dimension of cold marital relationship, in the social dimension of loss of reputation, conscience had the highest rate. According to the research findings, marital infidelity as a trauma affects all aspects of human existence and requires immediate, short-term and long-term interventions such as crisis intervention.